– Retributive justice works according to the principle of punishment. However, we are constantly discussing what constitutes proportionate and just punishment. – Procedural justice ensures that decisions made by people are fair. The concept of fair play exists here. In this section, we analyze the role, if any, of distributive justice principles in business ethics. The business world is often criticized in terms of moral judgment, many of which are somehow related to the issue of distributive justice. traders are accused of receiving indecent bonuses; CEOs benefit from shockingly high packages in the event of dismissal – the “golden parachutes”; the announcement of a massive layoff increases the value of shares on the stock markets; And multinationals exploit suppliers and, indirectly, their workers in emerging markets. The list of complaints is endless. However, justice, especially distributive justice, is a complex issue.
Moreover, the scope and relevance of the various principles of distributive justice in the business world are not obvious. The World Bank`s work in the area of justice focuses on building accessible, effective, and equitable justice institutions, which are essential for sustainable poverty reduction and increased shared prosperity. Strong judicial institutions are essential to governance, as they perform many of the executive functions that the World Bank regularly performs. By George R (1993) Competition and Integrity in International Trade. Oxford University Press, New York In Afghanistan, for example, the Bank supported an increase in the number of legal aid providers. In Nigeria, the Bank helped set up legal aid centres. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Bank is developing a guide for micro and small entrepreneurs to help them solve justice problems. In Solomon Islands, the World Bank supported local leaders who help communities manage conflicts that undermine security, development, and social cohesion. Social justice advocates may seek to achieve their goals through a wide range of peaceful or non-peaceful means, including various government programs, social campaigns, public activism, violent revolution, or even terrorism. At the government level, social justice initiatives can be pursued through various types of programmes. This may include the direct redistribution of wealth and income; protected legal status in terms of employment, public subsidies and other areas for disadvantaged groups; or legalized discrimination against privileged groups up to expropriation, collective punishment and purges.
For example, social justice is the idea that everyone deserves equal economic, political and social opportunities, regardless of race, gender or religion. Distributive justice refers to the equitable distribution of wealth in society. Environmental justice is the fair treatment of all people in terms of environmental pressures and benefits. In capitalist societies, governments regularly intervene in the economy to support social justice. Social justice advocates often advocate for policy reforms in areas such as health care, immigration, or the criminal justice system to combat potential bias against certain demographic groups. When people disagree on what they think should be given, or when decisions need to be made about how benefits and burdens should be shared among a group of people, questions of justice or equity inevitably arise. In fact, most ethicists today believe that there would be no point in talking about justice or fairness if it weren`t for the conflicts of interest that arise when goods and services are scarce and people differ on who should get what. When such conflicts arise in our society, we need principles of justice that we can all accept as reasonable and just standards for determining what people deserve. One of the first philosophers to define justice was Plato (428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC). Plato was the founder of the Academy of Athens, the first university in the Western world. He defined the term in two ways: the labour market, labour policy and organised labour are generally among the biggest problems of the private sector.
In the labor market, equal pay and opportunities for all segments of the population are generally two key points for progressive advocacy. The formation and dissemination of trade unions is often justified and framed in terms of social justice in order to promote the interests of workers against exploitative employers. (1) supporting judicial institutions through targeted interventions that improve the specialized functions of the judiciary as well as its management, governance and oversight; Recovery may involve an act or payment of money to the person who has been wronged. The most fundamental principle of justice – which has been widely accepted since its first definition by Aristotle more than two thousand years ago – is the principle that “equals must be treated equally and unequal must be treated unequally.” In its current form, this principle is sometimes expressed as follows: “Individuals should be treated equally, unless they differ in a manner relevant to the situation in which they find themselves. For example, if Jack and Jill both do the same job and there are no relevant differences between them or the work they do, then in court they should receive equal pay. And if Jack gets paid more than Jill just because he`s a man or because he`s white, then we have an injustice – a form of discrimination – because race and gender are irrelevant in normal work situations. A second important type of justice is retaliatory justice or correctional justice. Retributive justice refers to the extent to which sentences are just and equitable.
In general, sentences are considered only to the extent that they take into account relevant criteria such as the seriousness of the crime and the intent of the criminal, and do not take into account irrelevant criteria such as race. It would be barbarily unjust, for example, to cut off someone`s hand for stealing a penny, or to impose the death penalty on a person who accidentally and through no fault of his fault harmed another party. Studies have often shown that when blacks murder whites, they are much more likely to be sentenced to death than when whites murder whites or blacks murder blacks. These studies suggest that injustice still exists in the criminal justice system in the United States.
